A
Glossary
Piotroski F-Score
Essential — core valuation theory
What it measures
A 0–9 quality score; one point per sign of a financially improving company. 7–9 strong, 0–3 weak.
Formula
sum of 9 pass/fail tests (profit, cash, margins, leverage, dilution…)Benchmark
7-9 strong · 4-6 moderate · 0-3 distressed
Related metrics
Source
Piotroski, Journal of Accounting Research (2000)